Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst

Robert Sapolsky • 2017

Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst

Why It Matters

Sapolsky dissects human behavior across timescales — from neurons firing in a second to evolutionary pressures over millennia.
He shows how Stress, hormones, and environment intersect with instinct.


Key Ideas

  • Context Matters → behavior depends on biology + situation.
  • Hierarchy & Stress → rank affects cortisol, health, and decision-making.
  • Ancient Adaptations → instincts shaped for Survival still run the show.

My Take

This is the most comprehensive biological map of human behavior I’ve read.
It deepens the Inner Caveman thesis: instincts are layered, contextual, and not easily “trained away.”


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